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PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE
Aeroplanes - Privileges
401.26 The holder of a private pilot licence - aeroplane may act as
(a) pilot-in-command or co-pilot of an aeroplane of a class and type in respect of which the
licence is endorsed with ratings;
(b) pilot-in-command of an ultra-light aeroplane; and
(c)pilot-in-command or co-pilot of any aircraft for the sole purpose of the holder's flight training
or flight test where
(i) in the case of flight training,
(A) it is conducted under the direction and supervision of a flight instructor qualified in
accordance with section 425.21 of the personnel licensing standards, and
(amended 2001/03/01; previous version)
(B) no passenger is carried on board, and
(ii) in the case of a flight test,
(A) it is conducted in accordance with Section 401.15, and
(B) no passenger other than the person referred to in paragraph 401.15(1)(a) is carried on
board.
421.26 Aeroplanes - Requirements
(1) Age
An applicant shall be a minimum of seventeen years of age.
(2) Medical Fitness
(amended 2007/12/30; previous version)
(a) An applicant shall hold a Category 3 Medical Certificate valid for a Private Pilot Licence -
Aeroplanes:
(i) where an applicant holds a Category 4 Medical Certificate for the purpose of a Student Pilot
Permit, the applicant shall upgrade to a Category 3 Medical Certificate prior to making
application for the Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane.
(b) The licence is maintained by a valid Category 1 or 3 Medical Certificate.
(amended 2007/12/30; previous version)
(3) Knowledge
An applicant shall have:
(a) completed a minimum of 40 hours private pilot aeroplane ground school instruction on the
following subjects:
(i) Canadian Aviation Regulations,
(ii) Aerodynamics and Theory of Flight,
(iii) Meteorology,
(iv) Airframes, Engines and Systems,
(v) Flight Instruments,
(vi) Radio and Electronic Theory,
(vii) Navigation,
(viii) Flight Operations,
(ix) Licensing Requirements, and
(x) Human Factors, including pilot decision-making; and
(b) obtained a minimum of 60% in each of the following four mandatory subject areas as well
as in the overall written examination Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane (PPAER):
(i) Air Law - regulations, rules and orders, air traffic services, practices and procedures, and
licensing requirements relevant to the licence;
(ii) Navigation - navigation, radio aids and electronic theory;
(iii) Meteorology;
(iv) Aeronautics - General Knowledge - airframes, engines and systems, theory of flight, flight
instruments and flight operations.
(4) Experience
(a) An applicant shall have completed a minimum of 45 hours private pilot flight training in
aeroplanes under the direction and supervision of the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating -
Aeroplane. A maximum 5 of the 45 hours may be conducted on an approved aeroplane
simulator or flight training device.
(amended 1998/09/01; previous version)
(b) The flight training shall include a minimum of:
(i) 17 hours dual instruction flight time, including a minimum of 3 hours cross-country flight time
and 5 hours of instrument time of which a maximum of 3 hours may be instrument ground time;
and
(amended 1998/09/01; previous version)
(ii) 12 hours solo flight time, including 5 hours cross-country flight time with a flight of a
minimum of 150 nautical miles which shall include 2 full stop landings at points other than the
point of departure.
(5) Skill
Within the 12 month preceding the date of application for the licence, an applicant shall
successfully complete a flight test to the standard outlined in the Flight Test Standard Private
and Commercial Pilot Licences - Aeroplanes (TP2655E).
(amended 1999/03/01; previous version)
(6) Credits
(a) Knowledge
(i) An applicant who holds a Pilot Permit - Gyroplane or a private or higher type pilot licence for
helicopters may, when applying for the issue of Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane have the 40
hour ground instruction requirement reduced to 20 hours.
(ii) An applicant who holds a Pilot Permit - Gyroplane or a private or higher type pilot licence
for helicopters shall in lieu of completing the written examination PPAER obtain a minimum of
60% in the written examination Private Pilot Aeroplane Rating - Alternate Category (PARAC).
(b) Experience
(i) The total flight time must include a minimum of 30 hours in aeroplanes.
(ii) Where an applicant holds a pilot permit or licence in another aircraft category flight time
credits shall be claimed as follows:
(amended 1998/03/23; previous version)
Aeroplanes - Privileges
401.26 The holder of a private pilot licence - aeroplane may act as
(a) pilot-in-command or co-pilot of an aeroplane of a class and type in respect of which the
licence is endorsed with ratings;
(b) pilot-in-command of an ultra-light aeroplane; and
(c)pilot-in-command or co-pilot of any aircraft for the sole purpose of the holder's flight training
or flight test where
(i) in the case of flight training,
(A) it is conducted under the direction and supervision of a flight instructor qualified in
accordance with section 425.21 of the personnel licensing standards, and
(amended 2001/03/01; previous version)
(B) no passenger is carried on board, and
(ii) in the case of a flight test,
(A) it is conducted in accordance with Section 401.15, and
(B) no passenger other than the person referred to in paragraph 401.15(1)(a) is carried on
board.
421.26 Aeroplanes - Requirements
(1) Age
An applicant shall be a minimum of seventeen years of age.
(2) Medical Fitness
(amended 2007/12/30; previous version)
(a) An applicant shall hold a Category 3 Medical Certificate valid for a Private Pilot Licence -
Aeroplanes:
(i) where an applicant holds a Category 4 Medical Certificate for the purpose of a Student Pilot
Permit, the applicant shall upgrade to a Category 3 Medical Certificate prior to making
application for the Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane.
(b) The licence is maintained by a valid Category 1 or 3 Medical Certificate.
(amended 2007/12/30; previous version)
(3) Knowledge
An applicant shall have:
(a) completed a minimum of 40 hours private pilot aeroplane ground school instruction on the
following subjects:
(i) Canadian Aviation Regulations,
(ii) Aerodynamics and Theory of Flight,
(iii) Meteorology,
(iv) Airframes, Engines and Systems,
(v) Flight Instruments,
(vi) Radio and Electronic Theory,
(vii) Navigation,
(viii) Flight Operations,
(ix) Licensing Requirements, and
(x) Human Factors, including pilot decision-making; and
(b) obtained a minimum of 60% in each of the following four mandatory subject areas as well
as in the overall written examination Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane (PPAER):
(i) Air Law - regulations, rules and orders, air traffic services, practices and procedures, and
licensing requirements relevant to the licence;
(ii) Navigation - navigation, radio aids and electronic theory;
(iii) Meteorology;
(iv) Aeronautics - General Knowledge - airframes, engines and systems, theory of flight, flight
instruments and flight operations.
(4) Experience
(a) An applicant shall have completed a minimum of 45 hours private pilot flight training in
aeroplanes under the direction and supervision of the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating -
Aeroplane. A maximum 5 of the 45 hours may be conducted on an approved aeroplane
simulator or flight training device.
(amended 1998/09/01; previous version)
(b) The flight training shall include a minimum of:
(i) 17 hours dual instruction flight time, including a minimum of 3 hours cross-country flight time
and 5 hours of instrument time of which a maximum of 3 hours may be instrument ground time;
and
(amended 1998/09/01; previous version)
(ii) 12 hours solo flight time, including 5 hours cross-country flight time with a flight of a
minimum of 150 nautical miles which shall include 2 full stop landings at points other than the
point of departure.
(5) Skill
Within the 12 month preceding the date of application for the licence, an applicant shall
successfully complete a flight test to the standard outlined in the Flight Test Standard Private
and Commercial Pilot Licences - Aeroplanes (TP2655E).
(amended 1999/03/01; previous version)
(6) Credits
(a) Knowledge
(i) An applicant who holds a Pilot Permit - Gyroplane or a private or higher type pilot licence for
helicopters may, when applying for the issue of Private Pilot Licence - Aeroplane have the 40
hour ground instruction requirement reduced to 20 hours.
(ii) An applicant who holds a Pilot Permit - Gyroplane or a private or higher type pilot licence
for helicopters shall in lieu of completing the written examination PPAER obtain a minimum of
60% in the written examination Private Pilot Aeroplane Rating - Alternate Category (PARAC).
(b) Experience
(i) The total flight time must include a minimum of 30 hours in aeroplanes.
(ii) Where an applicant holds a pilot permit or licence in another aircraft category flight time
credits shall be claimed as follows:
(amended 1998/03/23; previous version)